| Covenant Name | Scripture Reference (ESV) | Parties Involved | Sign / Symbol | Main Promise or Terms | Fulfillment / Lasting Impact |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adamic Covenant | Genesis 1:26–30; 2:15–17; 3:15–19 | God and Adam (representing humanity) | The Tree of Life; the ground’s curse | Life through obedience; death through sin; promise of a coming Redeemer (Genesis 3:15). | The first promise of redemption—fulfilled in Jesus, the “second Adam” (Romans 5:12–19). |
| Noahic Covenant | Genesis 8:20–22; 9:8–17 | God and Noah (and all living creatures) | The Rainbow 🌈 | God will never again destroy all life by flood; renewed stewardship of creation. | Universal grace reminder of God’s mercy and faithfulness (Isaiah 54:9–10). |
| Abrahamic Covenant | Genesis 12:1–3; 15:1–21; 17:1–14 | God and Abraham (and his descendants) | Circumcision ✂️ | Promise of land, descendants, and blessing to all nations through Abraham’s seed. | Fulfilled spiritually in Christ—believers become Abraham’s offspring by faith (Galatians 3:7–9, 29). |
| Mosaic Covenant (Old Covenant) | Exodus 19–24; Deuteronomy 5 | God and Israel | The Law (Tablets of Stone) 📜 | Israel to obey God’s Law; God to bless obedience and judge rebellion. | Revealed human sin and need for a Savior (Galatians 3:19–25); fulfilled in Christ’s obedience. |
| Priestly (Levitical) Covenant | Numbers 25:10–13; Malachi 2:4–8 | God and Aaron’s descendants | Priesthood itself | Eternal priesthood given to Levi’s line for mediation and worship. | Completed in Christ, our eternal High Priest (Hebrews 7:11–28). |
| Davidic Covenant | 2 Samuel 7:8–16; Psalm 89:3–4 | God and King David | The Throne 👑 | David’s throne and kingdom will be established forever through his lineage. | Fulfilled in Jesus, the Son of David, whose kingdom is eternal (Luke 1:32–33). |
| New Covenant | Jeremiah 31:31–34; Luke 22:20; Hebrews 8:6–13 | God and all believers through Christ | The Blood of Jesus ✝️ | Forgiveness of sins, indwelling of the Holy Spirit, and eternal life through faith. | Established by Jesus’ sacrifice; salvation now offered to all who believe. |
Summary: How the Covenants Connect
- Adamic – Reveals humanity’s fall and the need for redemption.
- Noahic – Demonstrates God’s patience and preservation.
- Abrahamic – Establishes the promise of blessing through faith.
- Mosaic – Defines holiness and exposes sin.
- Priestly – Provides temporary mediation through sacrifice.
- Davidic – Points to the coming eternal King.
- New – Completes them all in Jesus Christ, the true Mediator.
Key Verse
“For all the promises of God find their Yes in Him.” — 2 Corinthians 1:20 (ESV)